Ans: VMkernel is a virtualization interface between a Virtual Machine and the ESXi host which stores VMs. It is responsible to allocate all available resources of ESXi host to VMs such as memory, CPU, storage etc. It’s also control special services such as vMotion, Fault tolerance, NFS, traffic management and iSCSI. To access these services, VMkernel port can be configured on ESXi server using a standard or distributed vSwitch. Without VMkernel, hosted VMs cannot communicate with ESXi server.
Ans: FT stands for Fault Tolerance very prominent component of VMware vSphere. It provides continuous availability for VMs when an ESXi host fails. It supports up to 4 vCPUs and 64 GB memory. FT is very bandwidth intensive and 10GB NIC is recommended to configure it. It creates complete copy of an entire VM such as storage, compute, and memory.
Ans: Datastore is a storage location where virtual machine files are stored and accessed. Datastore is based on a file system which is called VMFS, NFS.
Ans: The communication between two ESXi host is called FT logging when FT is configured between them. The pre-requisition of configuring FT is to configure VMKernel port
Ans: It is the configuration file of a VM
Ans: It stores BIOS related information of a VM.
Ans: Vmdk is a VM disk file and stores data of a VM. It can be up to 62 TB in size in vSphere 6.0 version.
Ans: A network of VMs running on a physical server that are connected logically with each other is called virtual networking.
Ans: vSS stands for Virtual Standard Switch is responsible for communication of VMs hosted on a single physical host. it works like a physical switch automatically detects a VM which want to communicate with other VM on a same physical server.
Ans: vDS stands for Virtual Distributed Switch acts as a single switch in whole virtual environment and is responsible to provide central provisioning, administration, and monitoring of virtual network.
Ans: Hypervisor is a virtualization layer that enables multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system or VM is allocated physical resources such as memory, CPU, storage etc by the host. There are two types of hypervisors
Ans: Authenticate vCenter Server with Active Directory. By using this we can assign specific roles to users and can also manage virtual environment in an efficient way.
Ans: The process of creating virtual versions of physical components i-e Servers, Storage Devices, Network Devices on a physical host is called virtualization. Virtualization lets you run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine which is called ESXi host.
Ans: There are 5 basic types of virtualization
Ans: In vSphere 6.0, there can be up to 4 vCPUs and 64 GB RAM can be used.
Ans: vLockstep technology is used by VMware FT
Ans: vCenter server is only required to enable Fault Tolerance on a VM. Once it is configured, vCenter is not required to be in online for FT to work. FT failover between primary and secondary will occur even if the vCenter is down.
Ans: Main difference between VMware HA and FT is: HA is enabled per cluster and VMware FT is enabled per VM. In HA, VMs will be re-started and powered-on on another host in case of host failure, while in FT there is no downtime, because second copy will be activated in case of host failure.
Ans: 4096 ports per host are available either in standard switch or distributed switch.
Ans: vDS can provide:
Ans: VMKernel adapter provides network connectivity to the ESXi host to handle network traffic for vMotion, IP Storage, NAS, Fault Tolerance, and vSAN. For each type of traffic such as vMotion, vSAN etc. separate VMKernal adapter should be created and configured.
Ans: You can segregate the network traffic by using port groups such as vMotion, FT, management traffic etc.
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Ans: A logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic where each segment cannot communicate with other segment without proper rules mentioned is called VLAN and every VLAN has a proper number called VLAN ID.
Ans: The practice of inserting VLAN ID into a packet header to identify which VLAN packet belongs to is called VLAN tagging.
Ans: The default mode is Reject. If Accept is selected, VM will receive all traffic port group via vSwitch.
Ans: The default mode of this policy is Reject. If the Accept is selected, host will accept requests to change the effective MAC address.
Ans: vROP provides the operation dashboards for performance analytics, capacity optimization and monitoring the virtual environment.
Ans: Version 11
Ans: Version 13
Ans: Platform Services Controller (PSC) is introduced in vSphere 6.0. vSphere 6.0 is also known as Virtual hardware version 11.
Ans: The default mode is Reject. If Accept is selected, host will not compare the source and effective MAC address transmitted from a VM.
Ans: There are three main components of vCenter Server architecture.
Ans: PSC stands for Platform Services Controller first introduced in version 6 of VMware vSphere which handles infrastructure security functions. It has three main components.
Ans: You can install PSC in two ways:
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Ans: It has two deployment types
Ans: In vSphere 6.0, a single vCenter Server can manage up to 1000 hosts either in Windows or in vCenter Appliance (vCSA).
Ans: A single cluster can manage maximum 64 hosts
Ans: There are three disk types in vSphere.