Ans: SAP FICO stands for FI ( Financial Accounting) and CO (controlling). In SAP FICO, SAP FI take cares about accounting, preparation of financial statements, tax computations etc, while SAP CO take cares of inter orders, cost sheet, inventory sheet, cost allocations etc. It is the software that stores data, and also computes them and retrieves the result based on the current marketing scenario. SAP FICO prevents data lost and also does the verification and reporting of data.
Ans: The other modules to which 'Financial Accounting' is integrated are
a) Sales and Distribution
b) Material Management
c) Human Resource
d) Production Planning
e) Controlling of financial transaction
Ans: The organizational elements in SAP FI are:
a) Company Code
b) Business Area
c) Chart of Account
d) Functional Area
Ans: In order to determine the transaction type which is entered in the line item, a two digit numerical is used known as 'Posting Key'
Posting key determines
a) Account Types
b) Types of posting. Debit or Credit
c) Field status of transaction
Ans: To generate financial statements like Profit and Loss statement, Balance sheets etc. company code is used.
Ans: You can have one Chart of Account for one company code which is assigned.
Ans: There are three currencies that can be configured for a Company code, one is a local currency and two are the parallel currencies.
Ans: Fiscal year in SAP is the way financial data is stored in the system. In SAP, you have 12 periods and four special periods. These periods are stored in fiscal year variant that is:
a) Calendar Year: From Jan-Dec, April-March
b) Year dependent fiscal year
Ans: SAP system does not know what is broken fiscal year e.g April 2012 to March 2013 and only understand the calendar year. If, for any business, the fiscal year is not a calendar year but the combination of the different months of two different calendar year and then one of the calendar year has to classified as a fiscal year for SAP and the month falling in another year has to be adjusted into the fiscal year by shifting the year by using the sign -1 or +1. This shift in the year is known as 'year shift'.
Example: April 2012 to Dec 2012 is our first calendar year, and Jan 2013 to March 2013 is our second year, now if you are taking April-12 to Dec-12 as your fiscal year, then Jan-13 to March-13 automatically becomes the second year, and you have to adjust this year by using -1 shift, and vice versa if the scenario is reversed, here you will use +1 shift.
Ans: In a year dependent fiscal year variant, the number of days in a month is not as per the calendar month. For example, in year 2005, month January end on 29th, month Feb ends on 26th etc.
Ans: For each country tax procedure is defined, and tax codes are defined within this. There is a flexibility to either expense out the Tax amounts or capitalise the same to stocks.
Ans: For each functional area in SAP Validation or Substitution is defined eg, Assets, Controlling etc. at the following levels
a) Document Level
b) Line item Level
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Ans: FSV ( Financial Statement Version) is a reporting tool. It can be used to extract final accounts from SAP like Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. The multiple FSV's can be used for generating the output of various external agencies like Banks and other statutory authorities.
'Ans: Field status groups' control the fields which come up when the user does the transactions. In FIGL (Financial General Ledger) master, the field status group is stored.
Ans: To get an overview of external Accounting and accounts, G L (General Ledger)Accounting is used. It does the recording of all business transactions incorporated with all other operational areas in a software system and also ensures that the Accounting data is always complete and accurate.
Ans: For all SAP transaction, the default exchange rate is M (Average Rate).
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Ans: The problem faced when a business area is configured, is splitting of account balance which is more pertinent in the case of tax accounts.
Ans: The customizing pre-requisite for document clearing is to check the items cleared and uncleared, and this is done by open item management. Open item management manages your outstanding account, i.e account payable and account receivable. For instance, an invoice item that has not yet been paid is recorded as open account until it is paid.
Ans: GR/IR ( Good Received/ Invoice Received) is an interim account. In the legacy system, if the goods are received and the invoice is not received, the provision is made, in SAP at the goods receipt. It passes the Accounting entry debiting the Inventory and crediting the GR/IR account. Similarly, when an invoice is received the vendor account is credited, and the GR/IR account is debited, the GR/IR will show as an un-cleared items till the time the invoice is not received.
Ans: Each company code can have two additional currencies, in addition to the company code, currency entered to the company code data. The currency entered in the company code creation is called local currency and the other two additional currencies are called parallel currencies. Parallel Currencies can be used in foreign business transactions. In order to do international transaction, parallel currency can be used. The two parallel currencies would be GROUP CURRENCY and HARD CURRENCY.
Ans: To track the cost, internal orders are used; they are proposed to be incurred over on a short term basis.
Ans: Yes, it is possible to calculate depreciation, to do that you have to switch on the indicator Dep. to the day in the depreciation key configuration.
Ans: In Asset Accounting, chart of depreciation is rated as the highest node, and this is assigned to the company node. All the depreciation calculations are stored under the chart of depreciation.
Ans: The asset class is the main class to classify assets. Every asset must be assigned to only one asset class. Example of asset class is Furniture & Fixtures, Plant & Machinery, and Computers etc. The asset class also contains G1 account, when any asset is procured, G1 account is debited. Whenever you create and asset master, it becomes mandatory to mention the assest class for which you are creating the required assets. So, whenever any asset transaction occurs, the G1 account attached to the asset class is automatically picked up and the entry is passed. You can also specify the default values for calculating the depreciation values and other master data in each asset class.
'Ans: Capital WIP' is referred to as Assets under construction in SAP and is represented under specific asset class. Depreciation is not charged under 'Capital WIP' usually. The cost incurred on building a capital asset can be booked to an 'internal order' and through the settlement procedures, and can be posted onto an 'Asset Under Construction'.
Ans: The major components of Chart of Accounts are:
Ans: To immune your company from the risk of bad debts and multiple outstanding receivable, you can set a credit limit for your customer by using credit control area in SAP. With the help of SAP, you can block the deliveries to your customer based on the credit limit and the accounts receivable balance in their account which is maintained by you.
Ans: By using transaction code OB45 or path you can create Credit Control Area in SAP
SPRO> enterprise structure >maintain structure>definition>financial accounting>maintain credit control area and then enter the following description
UpdateName of the credit control area in SAPCurrency
Ans: In fiscal year posting period is a period for which the transactions figures are updated. The posting period variants in SAP is accountable to control which Accounting period is open for posting and ensures that the closed periods remain balanced.
Ans: Field status group is a group configured in FSV (Field Status Variant) to maintain field status for G/L (General Ledger) accounts. It controls which field should suppress, display, optional and required.
Ans: A short-end fiscal year results when you change from a normal fiscal year to a non-calendar fiscal year, or other way around. This type of change happens when an enterprise becomes part of a new co-corporate group.
Ans: To control the data that needs to be entered at the time of the creation of a master record an account group is used. Account group exist for the definition of GL account, Customer Master and Vendor.
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Ans: No. Business area is at client level which means other company codes can also be posted to the same business area.
Ans: The Vendor and Customer codes are stored at the client level. It means that by extending the company code view any company code can use the customer and vendor code.
Ans: Tolerance determines whether the payable places matching or tax hold on the invoice. The following are the instances of tolerance can be defined for Logistic Invoice Verification.
a) Small differences
b) Moving average price variances
c) Quantity variances
d) Price variances
Ans: Country Chart of Accounts contains G/L (General Ledger) accounts needed to meet the country's legal requirements.
Ans: APP stands for 'Automatic Payment Program'; it is a tool provided by SAP to companies to pay its vendors and customers. APP tools help to avoid any mistakes taken place in posting manually. Also, when number of employees is more in the company, payment through APP becomes more feasible.
Q41. In SAP FICO what are the terms of payment and where are they stored?
Ans: Payment terms are created in the configuration and determine the payment due date for vendor/customer invoice.
They are stored on the customer or vendor master record and are pulled through onto the customer/vendor invoice postings. The due date can be changed on each individual invoice if required.
Ans: In certain companies, especially the one dealing with high cash transactions, it is not practical to create new master records for every vendor trading partner. One time vendors allows a dummy vendor code to be used on invoice entry and also the information which is usually stored in the vendor master.
Ans: The following steps are the standard stages of the SAP payment run
Ans: 'Residual payment' and 'Part payment' are the two methods for allocating partial methods from customers. For example, an invoice for $100 is generated, customer has paid $70. Now this $70 will be off-set and leaving the remaining balance $30. With residual payment, the invoice is cleared for the full value of $100 and a new invoice is generated for the remaining balances $30.
'Ans: Dunning' is the process by which payment chasing letters are issued to customers. SAP can determine which customers should receive the letters and for which overdue items. Different letters can be printed in SAP depending on the overdue payment date, with a simple reminder. With the help of dunning level on the customer master, we can know which letter has been issued to the customer.
Ans: At the end of the year, profit and loss accounts are cleared down to the retained earnings balance sheets account. The field contains an indicator which is linked to a specific GL (General Ledger) accounts to use in this clear down.
Ans: Recurring entries can eliminate the need for the manual posting of Accounting documents which do not change from month to month. For example, an expense document can be generated which can be scheduled for the last days of each month or whenever an individual wants it. Usually multiple recurring entries are created at one go and then processed all together as a batch month end using transaction.
Ans: Value fields are number or value related fields in profitability analysis such as quantity, sales revenue, discount value etc.
Ans: Statistical internal orders are dummy cost objects used for reporting and analysis purposes. It must be posted to in conjunction with a real object such as a cost center.
Ans: You can use internal orders for
SAP FI stands for Financial Accounting and it is one of important module of SAP ERP. It is used to store the financial data of an organization. SAP FI helps to analyze the financial condition of a company in the market. It can integrate with other SAP modules like SD, PP, SAP MM, SAP SCM etc.
Ans: SAP Financials accounting module enables you to manage financial accounting data within an international framework of multiple companies, currencies, and languages. SAP FI module mainly deals with the below financial components −
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Ans: The main aim of creating a Profit Center in Controlling is to analyze the cost of a product line or a business unit.
You can also generate profit and loss accounts according to Profit Center and also generate balance sheets however Profit center should only be used for internal reporting purposes.
The key components of a profit center includes - name of the profit center, the controlling area under which it is assigned, time period, person responsible for the profit center, standard hierarchy, etc.
Ans: SAP CO-Product Costing module is used to find the value of internal cost of products. It is also used for profitability and management accounting for production.
While configuring Product Costing, it involves two areas for setting −
Ans: SAP CO-PA is used to analyze the market segments classified as products, customers, sales area, business area, etc.
SAP CO Profitability Analysis (CO-PA) is used for the evaluation of Market segments, which is classified according to −
There are two types of Profitability Analysis are supported −
Ans: The FI-Asset Accounting (FI-AA) component is used for managing the fixed assets in FI system. In Financial Accounting, it serves as a subsidiary ledger to the General Ledger, providing detailed information on transactions involving fixed assets.
Ans: There are many types of reports that can be used for account analysis (A/R) −
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| SKAS | G/L Account Master (Chart of Accounts – Key Word list) | MANDT / SPRAS / KTOPL / SAKNR / SCHLW |
| SKB1 | G/L Account Master (Company Code) | MANDT / BUKRS / SAKNR |
| FI-GL-GL (FBSC) | General Ledger Accounting: Basic Functions - R/3 Customizing for G/L Accounts | |
| FIGLREP | Settings for G/L Posting Reports | MANDT |
| TSAKR | Create G/L account with reference | MANDT / BUKRS / SAKNR |
| KOMU | Account Assignment Templates for G/L Account items | MANDT / KMNAM / KMZEI |
Ans: Automatic Payment Program serves the purpose of posting accounts payable like payment to a vendor based on vendor invoices automatically, shortly termed as APP.
It is used to find out due/overdue invoices and to process list of customer and vendor invoices to make payments in one go. APP can’t be used for all company codes from different countries.
APP has below categories −